SAARC Secretariat is in Kathmandu (Nepal). It was formed in December 1985 in Dhaka on the idea put forward by then Bangladesh President Zia-ur-Rahman. SAARRC members are India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Maldives and Afghanistan. On April 3, 2017,…

Bureaucracy theory can be defined as the organizational structure with highly routine operating tasks performed under formalized rules and regulations assigned to various departments. It gives foundation to formal organization. Max Weber evolved bureaucratic theory in…

The Caux Round Table (CRT): principles followed by firm sin US, Europe and Japan. Founded in 1986. Focuses on global social responsibility so that there is peace in the world. It focuses on better risk calculation and mitigation. Principles for Global Corporate Respon…

In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draw up the United Nations Charter. The United Nations officially came into existence on 24th October 1945, when the Charter had been ratifie…

ITER (originally an acronym standing for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor ) is an international tokamak (magnetic confinement fusion) research/engineering project designed to demonstrate the scientific and technological feasibility of a full-scale fusi…

Individuals need to develop newer and better skills to promote and achieve a higher organizational level. Organizations must also be diligent in designing and developing their employees' career advancement programs. Organizations must be different in designing and …

Food can be classified into: Energy-giving food-------- Carbohydrates and fats Body Building Food -------Proteins Protective Food-------------Minerals and Vitamins Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water and roughage are seven essential components of t…

Arjuna Awards: The Arjuna Awards were established and instituted in 1961. To be eligible for the Award, a sportsperson should have had not only good performance consistently for the previous three years at the international level with excellence for the year for which …

Retail marketing includes activities and processes of selling to ultimate consumers for their personal, family and household use. Retailers are middlemen who procure goods from the wholesalers and sell the product to the end-users or consumers. They cater to the custom…

The Peninsular Plateau of India is a part of the ancient Gondwanaland and is in a triangular shape. This plateau average height is between 600 to 900 m. It extends from the alluvial plains of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar towards the south and encompasses the whole of the …

The corporate restructuring includes various forms of collaborations, such as takeovers, mergers and acquisitions, spin-offs, leveraged buyouts etc. It refers to an alteration or change in the asset mix, ownership, business mix and alliance with another company with a…

The great Plain of India is also called the Indus-Ganga-Brahmaputra plain. It extends for a distance of about 3200 km and its width varies from 150 km to 300 km. The plain was formed due to the filling of marine depressions by detrital materials brought by water. Plain…

Human Development Report (HDR) is brought up by the UNDP every calendar year, whereas the World Development Report is brought up by the World Bank every financial year . HDR is based on the Human Development Index which was for the first time given by Mahbub-ul-Haq of…

Bharat Nirman Programme  is a four-year business plan to develop rural infrastructure. The government of India launched a time-bound plan under Bharat Nirman in 2005 for implementation during four year period, 2005-2009. The six components included under this rur…

It is a paradox, problem or issue that is confronted by an organization, group or individual while making choice between conflicting claims, neither of which is clearly preferable or acceptable. It is a moral situation where the individual has to choose between two sit…

Decentralization is an extension of delegation. It refers to the degree to which the authority is delegated to lower levels. It gives added responsibility to managers at all the levels below the top. Only those responsibilities are left, which can be exercised centrall…

The constitution of India has rich content on human rights. The preamble, the Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy, reflect the principles and provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(1948) . The four ideas of the preamble are aime…

Scientific theory analyzed activities of workers whereas administrative and bureaucratic theory focused on the activities of managers. Both theories forget the importance of individual as well as group relationships in an organization. The neo-classical theory tries to…

Details included in the Letters of Credit: The documentary credit gives the following particulars, though the form and order vary among banks:  Name of the issuing bank and type of credit with number and date. One whose behalf the credit is issued (the applicant/buyer)…